MECHANISM OF CARCINOMA :
A variable number of steps occur during the change from the normal to the fully malignant cell . The first step apparently occurs in a single cell , cancer is a monoclonal disease . The change ( mutation ) in the first neoplastic cell is a random process . Any given etiologic factor simply increases the probability that any particular cell will transform , but how this happens is still unknown .
CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL CANCER :
Groups of abnormally proliferating cells can arise in any part of the body . These neoplasms share certain characteristics , both in vitro and in vivo . Besides the major components found in all neoplasms , important properties inculed clonality , autonomy , a blood supply , and , in malignant neoplasms , the capacity to metastasize .
IMMUNE HOST RESPONSES TO MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS :
At least in animal studies , autoimmune reactions to cancer cells are common , the ability of cancer cells to stimulate the immune mechanism in humans is usually quite small & is probably inconsequential as a defense mechanism .
Tumer antigens : some antigens on the surface of cancer cells are much the smae as those on normal cells ( example : organ specific antigen & histocompatibility antigen . ) . Most cancer cells also appears yo possess antigenic specificities that are nonexistent in normal cells . Some of these , such as carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA ) & alpha fetoprotien ( AFP ) , may result from derepression of the parts of the genome that normally function only in embryonic life .
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Tags: Animal Studies, Antigen, Autoimmune Reactions, Blood Supply, Cancer Cells, Cancer Groups, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cell Cancer, Defense Mechanism, Embryonic Life, Host Responses, Immune Mechanism, Important Properties, Major Components, Malignant Cell, Malignant Neoplasms, Neoplastic Cell, Random Process, Smae, Tumer, Variable Number